In the late 1980s, His Majesty King Jigme Singye Wangchuck, the
fourth king of the Royal kingdom of Bhutan, propounded a unique concept called
Gross National Happiness (GNH). The concept of GNH is distinctively Bhutanese
and new in the conventional theories in development of economics.
The concept has its root in the Buddhist traditions that human sufferings can be avoided by the adequate provision of satisfaction of four necessities: food, shelter, clothing and medicine. Moreover, it has the philosophical concept on middle path approach on material and immaterial things with spiritual value. This concept has same root in Bhutanese law as well. The Bhutanese laws has its origin from the Lord Buddha’s time on basic principles of monks and nuns of the time had followed. The laws enacted during the Zhabdrung Rinpoche’s time are based on the doctrine of sixteen virtuous acts and sixteen pious acts and this leads sixteen codes or laws under Buddhism which consequently have some provision in Thrimzhung Chenmo of Bhutan, 1953.
The GNH has its four pillars with holistic in terms of approach and it relates the focus of the development of the country to the fulfillment of the aspirations of all the nationals of the country. In doing so, the promoting and preserving of our rich culture which has dangers of vanishing in future providing the changing of time. This philosophy is enshrined in Article 4 of our constitution wherein it has the sub Articles of preservation, promotion and protection of our culture which includes spiritual values and customs of our society. This involves meeting spiritual and emotional needs, maintaining distinctive Bhutanese identity, and cushioning from negative impacts of modernization.
The one most important pillar of GNH is to ensure the development choices embody the principle of environmental sustainability and do not impair the biological productivity and diversity of the natural environment. To this end the Constitution of Bhutan has the principle of conservation, promotion and preservation of our pristine environment enshrined in Article 5 of our constitution with five sub provisions.
The good governance policy of GNH has been also covered in Article 20 of Constitution which deals with Executive with 8 sub Articles and Article 21 of Constitution deals with Judiciary. The Article 10, 11 and 12 of Constitution deals about parliament of Bhutan, which consisting of the National Council and National Assembly. It covers development of national institutions of human resources and system of governance in ways that enable us to reduce our dependence on others.
The forth pillar of the GNH is to ensure equitable socio economic development and in ways promotes social harmony, stability and unity and contributes to the development of a just and compassionate society. The above philosophy is enshrine in Article 14 of our Constitution and and Article 9 of our Constitution. There are so many ingredients and essential relationship between the policies of our government and our laws which ultimately helps in ensuring the happiness to every citizen of this country.
The concept has its root in the Buddhist traditions that human sufferings can be avoided by the adequate provision of satisfaction of four necessities: food, shelter, clothing and medicine. Moreover, it has the philosophical concept on middle path approach on material and immaterial things with spiritual value. This concept has same root in Bhutanese law as well. The Bhutanese laws has its origin from the Lord Buddha’s time on basic principles of monks and nuns of the time had followed. The laws enacted during the Zhabdrung Rinpoche’s time are based on the doctrine of sixteen virtuous acts and sixteen pious acts and this leads sixteen codes or laws under Buddhism which consequently have some provision in Thrimzhung Chenmo of Bhutan, 1953.
The GNH has its four pillars with holistic in terms of approach and it relates the focus of the development of the country to the fulfillment of the aspirations of all the nationals of the country. In doing so, the promoting and preserving of our rich culture which has dangers of vanishing in future providing the changing of time. This philosophy is enshrined in Article 4 of our constitution wherein it has the sub Articles of preservation, promotion and protection of our culture which includes spiritual values and customs of our society. This involves meeting spiritual and emotional needs, maintaining distinctive Bhutanese identity, and cushioning from negative impacts of modernization.
The one most important pillar of GNH is to ensure the development choices embody the principle of environmental sustainability and do not impair the biological productivity and diversity of the natural environment. To this end the Constitution of Bhutan has the principle of conservation, promotion and preservation of our pristine environment enshrined in Article 5 of our constitution with five sub provisions.
The good governance policy of GNH has been also covered in Article 20 of Constitution which deals with Executive with 8 sub Articles and Article 21 of Constitution deals with Judiciary. The Article 10, 11 and 12 of Constitution deals about parliament of Bhutan, which consisting of the National Council and National Assembly. It covers development of national institutions of human resources and system of governance in ways that enable us to reduce our dependence on others.
The forth pillar of the GNH is to ensure equitable socio economic development and in ways promotes social harmony, stability and unity and contributes to the development of a just and compassionate society. The above philosophy is enshrine in Article 14 of our Constitution and and Article 9 of our Constitution. There are so many ingredients and essential relationship between the policies of our government and our laws which ultimately helps in ensuring the happiness to every citizen of this country.
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